Germany in the 19th century

Germany in the 19th century

Billroth’s life coincided with tumultuous times in Germany.  There were the revolutions of 1848, the wars of 1848 and 1864 against the Danes, the Austro-Prussian war of 1866 and the Franco-Prussian war of 1870.  Billroth did his best to involve himself in the Franco-Prussian war despite being in effect an Austrian citizen.  I have yet to discover whether the other upheavals had any impact on Billroth.  These are matters for exploration.